IPM Planning and Evaluation

Target audiences increase awareness of pesticide and nutrient impacts on habitats

Collect baseline data to help measure intermediate- and long-term impacts

Use self assessments, pre-test/post-test and follow-up measurement tools to assess changes in knowledge, attitudes, satisfaction, aspirations

Target audiences increase knowledge of lower-risk materials

Target audiences increase knowledge of IPM as a means to prevent off-site movement

Target audiences increase knowledge of environmental benefits of using precision application equipment and technology

Target audiences increase knowledge of conservation programs including trade-offs (negative and positive) associated with pesticide use in managing invasive species

Target audiences increase awareness of positive IPM impacts

Reduce use of higher-risk pesticides or increase use of lower-risk materials

• Measure reduced use of higher-risk pesticides or increased use of lower-risk materials
• Document adoption of lower-risk timing of pest management activities
• Measure number of TMDLs implemented to address impairments
• Measure changes in residue detections and amounts of pesticides in water resources

Increase use of IPM tactics to protect public lands

• Measure increased adoption and implementation of IPM
• Document adoption of lower risk timing of pest management activities

Ensure dispersal equipment is properly calibrated and all drift minimization practices are used for all applications

• Document calibration and drift minimization measures

Increase adoption of lower risk timing of pest management related activities

• Measure increased adoption and implementation of IPM
• Document adoption of lower risk timing of pest management activities

Increase adoption of precision application equipment and technology to minimize off-site impacts

• Measure increased purchasing/use of precision application technology and equipment
• Measure changes in residue detections and amounts of pesticides in water resources

Increase adoption of lower risk application technology

• Document adoption of lower-risk application technology

Increase adoption of conservation measures to protect natural resources from pesticide and nutrient runoff

• Measure number of TMDLs implemented to address impairments
• Measure changes in residue detections and amounts of pesticides in water resources

Reduce impacts to non-target terrestrial and aquatic organisms caused by pesticides

• Measure reduced incidence of fish and bird kills due to pesticides
• Measure reduced toxicity profile for avian species
• Measure reduced toxicity profile for aquatic species
• Measure increased diversity and abundance of beneficial species
• Measure increased numbers of pollinators
• Measure changed detection of residues in natural environments
• Assess changes in endangered species listing

Reduce impacts of off-site movement of pesticides, sediments and nutrients on soil, air, and water quality

• Measure decreased contaminants in water bodies
• Measure delisting of water bodies with pesticide impairments
• Measure increased population of native fish, aquatic insects, invertebrates, and/or freshwater mollusks
• Measure improvements in soil quality, air quality, and/or water quality as a result of adoption of conservation measures
• Measure increased natural fish habitat
• Measure increased diversity and abundance of aquatic species

Reduce farmer, farm worker and farm family exposure to and risk from pesticides

• Measure change in number of cases and severity of worker exposure incidents
• Measure change in number of pesticide poisonings
• Measure and maintain baseline cholinesterase levels in workers
• Measure change in pesticide use from precision ag equipment

Improved profitability of production agriculture through adoption of IPM

• Document economic impact of farmers/ranchers in certification programs
• Measure changes in cost-of using IPM tactics (thresholds, modeling, etc.)
• Measure number of food processors and distributors demanding IPM programs and providing incentives to farmers (e.g., new market access)
• Measure increased number of Target audiences in certification programs.
• Measure effect of externalities in cost-benefit analyses
• Measure number of retail markets that provide incentives to farmers using externalities (e.g., new market access)
• Measure reduced amounts of inputs (e.g., pesticides, fertilizers and water)
• Measure change in social acceptance of less than perfect produce

Off-site movement of pesticides, non-target impacts, and other environmental impacts are reduced

• Measure change of pesticide detections in nearby water bodies or sources (e.g., streams, public water, private wells, etc.)
• Measure changes in nutrient loading in water bodies
• Measure reduced number of residential drift complaints
• Measure non-target impacts of pesticide use
• Document change in pesticide use in the sample landscapes.
• Document changes in off-site movement of pesticides, non-target impacts, and other environmental impacts.
• Assess value of ecosystem services

Reduced exposure to pests and pesticides in federal buildings, public housing will lead to improved health of those living and working in the indoor environment

• Measure decreased number of cases and severity of pesticide exposure incidents
• Measure pest complaints, sightings, damage
• Measure changes in incidence of asthma or other health problems associated with pests or pesticides
• Measure changes in indoor air quality
• Measure decreased number of pesticide poisonings
• Measure reduction of household pest allergens and pesticide residues

Schools /childcare facilities / Public Housing Authorities save money by using cost-effective IPM practices

• Measure number of schools, districts and/or childcare facilities that save on cost of pest management after training staff in using IPM
• Measure number of schools, districts and/or childcare facilities that save on cost of pest management after developing or implementing IPM plans
• Measure number of schools, districts and/or childcare facilities that save on cost of pest management after developing or implementing IPM contracts/bid specifications
• Measure number of schools, districts and/or childcare facilities that save on cost of pest management after developing or implementing IPM policies/laws or becoming IPM Certified
• Use surveys, face-to-face interviews, or other means to measure number of schools, districts and/or childcare facilities that save on cost of pest management after adopting IPM policies/laws or becoming IPM Certified

Reduced exposure to pesticides used outdoors in residential and public areas

• Document complaints about pesticide use
• Measure reduction of pesticide detections in nearby water bodies or sources (e.g., streams, public water, private wells, etc.)
• Measure reductions in nutrient loading in water bodies
• Measure reduced number of residential drift complaints
• Document reduction in pesticide use in sample landscapes.
• Measure decreased number of cases and severity of exposure incidents
• Measure decreased number of pesticide poisonings
• Measure and maintain baseline cholinesterase levels in workers

Target audiences save money compared to previous approaches by implementing cost effective IPM practices

• Conduct cost-benefit analyses that include externalities
• Document cost effectiveness of lower risk pesticides and tactics
• Document cost effectiveness of precision application technology and equipment
• Document cost effectiveness of IPM adoption compared to previous approaches
• Document cost effectiveness of changed aesthetic standards
• Measure social acceptance of less than perfect landscapes

Improve the health of children/staff and the learning environment in schools and childcare facilities by reducing exposure to pests and pesticides

• Measure reduced number of cases or severity of pesticide exposure incident reporting
• Measure reduced incidence of asthma or other health problems associated with pests or pesticides
• Measure improvement in indoor air quality
• Measure reduction in pest-related complaints
• Measure reduced school and childcare facility absences

Reduce off-site movement of pesticides and nutrients into water and improve water quality conditions

• Measure efficacy of lower risk products in promoting biodiversity
• Measure changes in levels of contaminants in water bodies
• Measure delisting of water bodies with pesticide impairments
• Measure changes in population of native fish, aquatic insects, invertebrates, and/or freshwater mollusks
• Measure changes in water quality as a result of adoption of conservation measures
• Measure changes in natural salmon habitat
• Measure changes in diversity and abundance of aquatic species
• Document value of ecosystem services

Reduce impacts to non-target terrestrial and aquatic wildlife caused by pesticides and nutrients

• Measure changes in non-target populations of interest
• Measure contribution of IPM implementation to delisting of endangered species
• Measure reduced toxicity profile for avian species
• Measure reduced toxicity profile for aquatic species
• Measure increased diversity and abundance of beneficial species
• Measure increased number of pollinators
• Measure reduced detection of residues in natural environments
• Document value of ecosystem services

Reduce pesticide exposure of site staff and land users/resource users

• Measure changes in number of cases and severity of worker exposure incidents
• Measure changes in number of pesticide poisonings
• Measure and maintain baseline cholinesterase levels in workers
• Measure changes in Dislodgeable Foliar Residues
• Measure use of personal protective equipment as required by the pesticide label and MSDS

Target audiences save money by implementing cost effective IPM practices on natural resource and recreational lands

• Document agency savings from use of precision application equipment and technologies
• Measure effect of including externalities in cost-benefit analyses
• Document value of ecosystem services
• Document savings from IPM adoption